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They are large-scale dance events that last for several days and tend to occur each year at about the same time in a particular city. 10, 11Ĭircuit parties have also grown in popularity and are common throughout the world. Also, as drugs are combined during the same event, undesirable and unpredictable effects can result. The pills often contain adulterants which may be more toxic than the club drug itself. Raves are characterized by consumption of club drugs in "cafeteria" fashion, in which whatever drugs are available are often sampled. They can involve up to two days of dancing, lights, and electronic music, often presided over by a popular DJ. Raves attract primarily middle-class heterosexual 15- to 25-year-olds who hear about them on the Internet or by word of mouth. 9 Attendance has been as high as 20,000 participants. They are nighttime dance parties originally held in large, abandoned warehouses or in farm fields and more recently in legal spaces such as concert halls and underground parking lots. Raves have become increasingly popular since the 1980s.
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Finally, we will discuss the role of the physician or allied health professional in assessing and treating the drug abusing or dependent patient with or at risk for HIV/AIDS. We will also look at some of the efforts that have been made in prevention and harm reduction strategies to reduce the transmission of HIV. We will discuss how recreational drugs may interact with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We will also look at the relationship between drug use, sexual behavior, and risk for HIV/AIDS. This article will examine club drugs, their effects and risks, as well as some of the settings in which they are used. 8 There was clearly an association between club drug use and high-risk sexual behaviors.
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Compared with non-users, MDMA users were found to have more male partners, have more one-night stands with men, and have more unprotected anal sex with men. 7 A separate study in New York City found that 13.7 percent of a sample of MSMs reported using MDMA within the past six months, using it an average of 6.24 times in that period. A large probability telephone sample of urban men who have sex with men (MSMs) taken at four large American cities found a 52 percent prevalence of recreational drug use. Particularly in the gay/bisexual community, drugs such as MDMA have become increasingly popular within a significant drug-using subset. This allows users to avoid track marks, and other signs of hard drug use and contribute to a belief that taking club drugs is harmless as well as fun. 5Ĭlub drug users, not wanting the stigma or risks of injection drug use, prefer drugs such as MDMA (Ecstasy), ingested in pill form. Among women, high-risk heterosexual activity was the most important factor.
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Among men, high-risk homosexual activity was the best predictor. They found a gender difference in the type of sexual activity that predicted greatest risk, however. followed 1,800 IDUs for 10 years in Baltimore and found that high-risk sexual behavior was a better predictor of HIV infection than was sharing needles while injecting drugs. 3 Gay and bisexual men who inject drugs appear to be at greatest risk, as indicated, for example, by their HIV seroprevalence increasing in San Francisco from 25 percent in 1996 to 42 percent in 2000, while heterosexual male IDUs remained at a stable rate. 2Įven among short-term young IDUs, sexual practices, and not just injecting practices, were found to be important predictors of HIV infections. The latter include trading sex for money and unprotected sex fueled by high sex drive associated with cocaine and amphetamine use. In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that injection drug users (IDUs) are not only at increased risk of HIV infection from infected needles and shared drug paraphernalia but also as a result of high-risk sexual behaviors. Injection drug use has been known almost since the outbreak of the epidemic to be a means of spreading the virus by way of contaminated blood. 1 In this article, we will be referring to club drugs and recreational drugs interchangeably. By club drugs, we mean a number of illegal, mostly synthetic drugs that are commonly used in nightclubs, "raves," and circuit parties. Club drugs, or recreational drugs, as they are sometimes called, have only recently been associated with increased high-risk sexual behaviors which, in turn, may cause higher incidence of HIV/AIDS.